The new measures will involve paying private firms and voluntary groups according to how many prisoners they rehabilitate. He said locking people up for the sake of it was a waste of public funds.

David Cameron defended the plans during prime minister’s questions and said it was now time for “radical reform” of the prison service.

‘Victorian England’
In his first major speech since taking office, Mr Clarke said prison had too often proved “a costly and ineffectual approach that fails to turn criminals into law-abiding citizens”.

Speaking in London he said: “More than half of the crime in this country is committed by people who have been through the system. We must now take action and shut off this revolving door of crime and re-offending.

“We need a more constructive approach that tackles this head-on. An intelligent and transparent approach to sentencing that targets the causes of re-offending, so making our communities safer and better places to live. We describe it as a rehabilitation revolution.”

The prime minister said the prison service was “not working properly” at the moment.

He said: “When you’ve got these reoffending rates, when you’ve got the cost of each prison place, when you’ve got the appalling problem of drugs in prisons, we have got to reform.”

He added: “If ever there was part of our public services that needed radical reform to make sure prison does work, then now that’s it.”

In May the prison population in England and Wales reached a record high of 85,201. That is almost twice the figure in 1992, when Mr Clarke was last in charge of prisons as home secretary.

It was an increase he said he would have dismissed as “impossible and ridiculous” if someone had predicted it at the time.

“Increasing the availability of parole and making better decisions about who is released is smart policy,” said Tracy Velázquez, executive director of JPI. “Options such as medical parole and geriatric release would yield tremendous monetary benefits, ensure people receive the services they need and would not be a detriment to public safety. States could in turn refocus savings toward crucial social services to help prevent people from entering prison in the first place.”

According to For Immediate Release: How to Safely Reduce Prison Populations and Support People Returning to Their Communities, released today by JPI, incarceration costs significantly less than parole supervision and some states are using innovative methods of supervision that are yielding positive results. As spending more time in prison does not equate to more public safety, releasing people early with appropriate supervision can be an effective way of reducing prison populations.

Velázquez added, “The notion that there is a public safety trade-off when shifting public dollars from prisons to positive, pro-social investments is false and has contributed to destructive policies that have given the United States the world’s largest incarceration rate and continue to disproportionately impact communities of color. Releasing people deemed ‘low risk’ to community supervision and providing adequate treatment and support services will improve outcomes and strengthen families and communities.”

The Justice Policy Institute (JPI) is a Washington, D.C.-based organization dedicated to reducing society’s use of incarceration and promoting just and effective social policies.

The goal is to reduce prisoner isolation and to create a “best practices” model for IDOC’s segregation population at no cost to IDOC through the use of grant funding.
Vera is an independent, non-partisan, nonprofit center for justice policy and practice, with permanent offices in New York City and Washington, DC.

Director Michael P. Randle says “Public and Institutional safety are our top priorities. It can be a challenge with the large inmate population we are responsible for without using segregation units as a tool. We are looking at policies and procedures that will maintain our commitment to safety while reducing our reliance on these segregation units. Our goal is to address this issue thoughtfully and with strategies that have a proven success rate. That is why we are partnering with a national Institute over 45-years of experience to solving issues that impact the Justice System.”

Research from Mississippi and Ohio has shown that it is possible for states to save money by significantly reducing the number of prisoners in isolation while maintaining institutional and public safety, according to the Vera Institute of Justice.
Including the Menard Correctional Center, IDOC operates 27 prisons throughout Illinois in addition to work camps, boot camps and adult transition centers. The agency is responsible for operating a safe and secure prison system as well as enhancing prison-based treatment, prevention programs and the successful re-entry of inmates into society.

Dr. Rahming added that crucial parts of the 67-year-old Prisons Act simply have to go. He was speaking to the media on Tuesday at a press conference at HMP.

He said it is time for the 1943 document to be updated, as working with outdated rules, regulations and mechanisms in the face of a growing and more creative criminal element does not bode well for the country.

Dr. Rahming said it is time for The Bahamas’ prison system to be brought up to speed with international best practices.

“The Prison Act says that male officers shall be trained in the use of firearms,” Dr. Rahming said. “We had a crisis here a couple years ago and we had police women on the compound, loaded, defence force women on the compound, loaded, but female prison officers (had nothing).”

“I have to imagine that in a new Corrections Act, those kinds of discriminatory provisions would be a thing of the past, so that if you are a trained prison officer, irrespective of gender, whatever (goes) for one would (go) for another.”

But Dr. Rahming added that this is just one of the many examples of provisions that should be eliminated.

“Only male inmates can go on the work scheme,” he said. “A third example is that every inmate is entitled to 20 cigarettes per week.”

He said a whopping $200,000 is spent each year on cigarettes alone.

Based on talks he has had with National Security Minister Tommy Turnquest, the prison superintendent said he thinks Minister Turnquest is looking to eliminate this provision.

Dr. Rahming said as a whole, Her Majesty’s Prison is not as bad as most people think and ranks among the top prisons in the Caribbean region. But he said there is always room for improvement.

“Infrastructurally, I think that we are doing well,” he said. “From a training standpoint, I think that we are lagging behind in training in terms of our standards of entrance, for instance.

“I know that we are behind most of the Caribbean. For example we require five BJCs (Bahamas Junior Certificate) for entrance while other Caribbean countries require five GCEs (General Certificate of Secondary Education).

Dr. Rahming said the country’s recidivism rate “ranks favorably” among other countries in the Caribbean.

“In most cases I would say it is lower, but in one or two cases it is higher; but we rank very favorably,” he said.

In terms of security issues, Dr. Rahming said prisons, by their very nature, are prone to challenges, but HMP has been able to keep workers, visitors, inmates and Bahamians safe.

He said of the 2,400 inmates admitted last year, the prison has had about “one or two slip-ups” in keeping inmates safe.

Dr. Rahming added that the prison is also serious about weeding our rogue officers, upgrading prison facilities and cracking down harder on persons who smuggle in contraband.

Among those currently getting those benefits are convicted killer Clifford Olson, who is 70 and serving life in prison for the deaths of 11 children. Olson has been reported to be collecting more than $1,000 a month in benefits.

Finley said they acted after news that Olson was collecting the benefits was raised in a March 2010 Toronto Sun article.

“Canadians who work hard, who contribute to the system, who play by the rules deserve government benefits such as Old Age Security. It’s wrong, and obviously unfair, that prisoners who break the rules receive the same entitlements.”

“This is offensive and outrageous to the prime minister, to the government of Canada, and to Canadians right across the country,” she told reporters in Ottawa. “Moreover, it is deeply insulting to the victims and to their families.”

Finley said they are working with the provincial and territorial governments to also end benefits for inmates over 65 and incarcerated for more than 90 days at those levels.

Finley said the changes are expected to affect about 400 federal inmates, and could eventually affect another 600 inmates held at provincial and territorial level corrections centres.

She said the estimated savings from the change could amount to about $2 million per year at the federal level. That could increase to about $10 million annually with provincial and territorial inmates included.

The benefits could resume upon a prisoner’s release, and Finley said spouses and common-law partners of inmates will continue to get the benefits on their own merits.

“We’re not punishing them for the deeds of their spouse,” she said.
11 life sentences

Olson killed 11 boys and girls in British Columbia before he was sentenced to life in prison in 1982. Olson, who has never shown remorse for his crimes, is serving 11 consecutive life sentences in a maximum security prison in Quebec.

His retirement benefit money has been put in trust.

He was also paid $100,000 by the RCMP to lead them to the bodies of his victims. That money was put in trust for his estranged wife and son.

“We’re not asking for anyone to be given a free ride. But if you live and you breath, you have made mistakes,” she said. “If you don’t have a chance to correct those mistakes, you will continue to make them.”

Supporters waved signs reading “Support treatment not jail” and “Give people a second chance.”

A package of legislation would allow former inmates to receive financial help from state welfare programs, encourage the corrections system to place prisoners in facilities close to their families and seek ways to maintain bonds between incarcerated parents and their children.

One of the laws would require inmates to finish high school classes and receive vocational training.

The state would shed almost $5 million if one of the bills (A4197) is passed, according to estimates from the nonpartisan Office of Legislative Services. The bills are in danger of failing because lawmakers are hesitant to spend any money with the state’s deficit hitting $1 billion in the current budget year.

Watson Coleman (D-Mercer) said her legislation will save money down the line because more former inmates would be educated and working.

“These individuals will not need to worry about being on a whole realm of public support,” she said. “We’ll have people contributing as taxpayers.”

Assembly Speaker Joseph Roberts (D-Camden) did not post the bills for a vote today, but Watson Coleman said she’s working to get them on the calendar for the Jan. 7 session.

Roberts has said he supports the bills, saying it “looks to be a very smart approach to saving taxpayer dollars and helping give those released from our prisons a better chance at success.”

Arthur Townes, who helps former inmates find housing, jobs and rehabilitation programs, said people face “double jeopardy” when they commit a crime in New Jersey. After they’re convicted, he said, they’re penalized again by a myriad of state laws and regulations.

Watson Coleman’s bills could help change that, he said.

“It will give ex-offenders and people who slipped and went another way another chance,” he said. “It’s something we say they deserve, but the laws don’t support.”

Darryl Mikell Brooks, a former political candidate, said he supports the bills but doesn’t expect today’s rally to be effective.

“The people leading this don’t have the strength, don’t have the votes,” he said. “I hate to see people get all excited.”

Scotland's prison population increased by 6%

national statistics. Reported by the BBC.

The figures showed the average daily prison population in the year to March was 7,835, up by 6% on the previous year and 31% over the past 10 years.

Justice Secretary Kenny MacAskill said prison would always be the right punishment for those involved in serious crime. But he said simply building more prisons was not the answer.

Scotland’s chief statistician revealed that the majority of the prison population were sentenced prisoners. The most recent average daily figure for prisoners held on remand was 1,678 for the year from April 2008 to the end of March.

This was an increase of 8% over the previous year’s figure of 1,560, indicating an on-going rising trend in the remand population. On 30 June 2008, the crime category with the largest population of sentenced prisoners was non-sexual violent crime (37%), followed by drugs-related crimes (14%).

The 2008-09 average daily female prison population was 413, an 11% increase from 371 in 2007-08. The female prison population has shown a disproportionate increase of 97% over the past 10 years.

The number of prisoners serving sentences of six months or less has decreased, the statistics said.

Speaking during a visit to HMP Inverness, Mr MacAskill said: “Prison, if necessary for a long time, will always be the right punishment for those involved in serious crime and those who are a danger to our communities.

“That is why we are investing £120m each year in our prison estate, including the building of three new prisons.

“But we cannot and will not build even more prisons to fill them with those for whom prison is not the right answer.”

‘Revolving door’

He said short sentences of six months or less did nothing to stop offending behaviour.

“Reconviction statistics published earlier this year show just how many offenders are going inside for a short period of time, coming out to reoffend, and then going back inside,” he added. “We need to close that revolving door of reoffending. And to do that we need to tackle the underlying causes of crime – drink, drugs and deprivation.”

In response to the increase in the prison population, John Lamont, the Conservative spokesman on community safety said:

“Prison numbers will only be properly cut when crime is cut. Prison serves four important functions: to deter criminals, to protect the public, to punish and to rehabilitate. All four matter and we have to have the political will to make prison work.

‘Soft touch’

He said that in the SNP’s Scotland, people have to be very unlucky to end up in jail.

He added: “The prime duty of government is to protect the public. The SNP is guilty of a dereliction of that duty.”

Scottish Labour’s justice spokesman Richard Baker said: “Kenny MacAskill’s soft touch approach is not deterring criminals and his management of the prison estate has been woeful.

“Why was the build of Low Moss prison delayed? Why is he closing Craiginches prison in Aberdeen? Mr MacAskill is looking to weaken the criminal justice system and that is not the right approach for dealing with any category of offender. ”

He added: “We do want to see effective community sentences, and in many instances this will be appropriate for female offenders, but this requires appropriate investment in community sentences in which the public can have confidence.”

The package is sponsored by Assembly Majority Leader Bonnie Watson Coleman and Assembly members Albert Coutinho, Elease Evans, Mila M. Jasey, L. Grace Spencer and Cleopatra G. Tucker. It stems from a series of hearings on Watson Coleman hosted throughout New Jersey to hear from citizens and experts on how to cut into recidivism and save public money.

The bills were released by the Assembly Law and Public Safety Committee.

“The pervasive cycle of arrest, release and re-arrest is failed system that wastes lives and costs taxpayers dearly,” said Watson Coleman (D-Mercer). “Quite simply, it’s a disgraceful and destructive cycle that must come to an end for the good of all New Jersey taxpayers and those directly affected by our failed system. We’ve seen too much money unsuccessfully spent on programs that don’t work. These reforms are a long overdue step toward progress.”

“These reforms range from improving education and job training to enhancing family support to eliminating antiquated roadblocks to success for those released from prison,” said Coutinho (D-Essex). “These common sense steps will give people an opportunity to earn their second chance and ensure we spend public money wisely.”

“None of these bills would make it easier to serve sentences,” said Spencer (D-Essex). “What they would do is make serving that time more sensible and help ensure that after their time is served, prisoners re-enter society ready to be productive citizens. That will save lives and taxpayer dollars.”

“The simple fact is that of the thousands people released from New Jersey prisons each year, 65 percent of the adults and 37 percent of the juveniles will return within two years,” said Tucker (D-Essex). “That is unacceptable, and these bills aim to not only to improve lives and neighborhoods, but to save money.”

“Spending money time and time again on prisoners who come and go from our prison systems is, quite simply, a waste,” said Evans (D-Passaic). “We need to do better, not only for the wellbeing of the people whose lives are being lost in our prisons, but for taxpayers who need to know their money is spent smartly.”

“We simply cannot afford to continue the present system of spending money repeatedly on repeat offenders,” said Jasey (D-Essex). “The time has come to change our approach so that we can give people and our society a better chance at a better future.”

The “Women and Families Strengthening Act” (A-4197), which would:

• End the prohibition in state law against released prisoners from receiving cash assistance benefits provided under Work First New Jersey.
• Require the state to contract with the lowest bidder for inmate telephone services, prohibit the contractor from imposing surcharges on inmate calls and bar the state from accepting revenue in excess of the cost of operating inmate telephone services.
• Establish a commission to examine strategies for strengthening bonds between jailed parents and their children.
• Require an assistant corrections commissioner establish and monitor policies affecting incarcerated mothers and their children.
• Prohibit the state from housing female inmates in the same facility as male inmates, if it results in conditions more restrictive than the male inmates.
• Require the state to make every effort to assign an inmate to a facility close to where the inmate’s family resides.

A bill (A-4199) designed to address incarceration concerns, which would:

• Allow prisoners in a state or county jail to keep $25 of their monthly income earned for labor performed at the facility, up from $15.
• Require the state to semiannually submit all inmate complaints to the Department of the Public Advocate.
• Require the state to develop an in-service training program for corrections officers that must include mental health sensitivity.

A bill (A-4201) designed to address release concerns, which would:

• Establish a faith-based programs coordinator with the state Department of Corrections to compile and disseminate information about faith-based groups and programs, especially those that provide assistance and services to inmates re-entering society.
• Establish Mental Health Courts to facilitate voluntary treatment of defendants who have mental health illnesses.
• Create a Prisoner Re-entry Commission and require the collection of data on recidivism and a fiscal estimate or the potential cost of any legislation that increases prison sentences.
• Give prisoners a 90-day grace period on outstanding fines and other monetary penalties.
• A bill (A-4202) designed to address education and job training, which would:
• Require the state to create a mandatory workforce skills training and a mandatory education program in each state correctional facility.
• Require inmates to attain a high school equivalency certificate or high school diploma.
• Allow inmates and parolees to enter into agreements with institutions for education, training or other activities that, if successfully completed, could reduce parole terms.
• Establish a mandatory six-month period of post-release supervision for all state inmates.
• Allow a person who has been released from prison to obtain a court order that allows them to visit prisons, if they can show that such visits are likely to motivate and help rehabilitate other inmates.

“This is important unfinished business from the many hearings we held throughout New Jersey, during which we heard from thousands of people about how our system has failed people and cost us money,” Watson Coleman said. “A broad coalition of community organizations, faith leaders, law enforcement officials and ordinary citizens have lined up behind these ideas and will work to build support for these well-informed and carefully crafted bills that reflect a desire to improve lives and save money.”

County commissioners and the Fairfield County Sheriff’s Office are looking at developing a day reporting center as an alternative to incarceration.

“We looked at one in West Virginia, and it could be cost effective,” Fairfield County Commissioner Judy Shupe said.

County officials visited the Lee Day Report Center in West Virginia in September to see if the program could be adapted to Fairfield County.

“They would receive counseling and other services,” Shupe said. “They would also be drug-tested. At the West Virginia location, the county would pay for the test if it was negative, but the offender would pay for it if it came back positive.”

Shupe said the key to savings would be whether the county can convert an existing county owned building into a center.

Under the proposal, nonviolent, misdemeanor offenders would report to a center during the day or nonworking hours.

Fairfield County Sheriff Dave Phalen said the site they visited in West Virginia had cut the jail population in half.

Phalen said Fairfield County had about 230 prisoners in jail on Tuesday.

“We spend as much as $600,000 and it could be as much as a million (dollars) by the end of the year,” Phalen said. “Right now we have more than 30 prisoners in other county jails.”

Phalen said the county is looking at the amount of money it could save by not sending prisoners to jail and instead diverting them to a day reporting center.

The next step is an evaluation being done in Fairfield County Municipal Court.

“If they can find between 30 to 40 offenders that could be in this program instead of in jail, the program would pay for itself,” Phalen said.

He said the goal is to find out if the county can find the numbers and location to make it work.

Sites being considered include the former offices used by the Fairfield County Office of Emergency Management and Homeland Security, 407 E. Main St. The EMA recently moved to the Fairfield County Job & Family Services building at the corner of Memorial Drive and West Main Street.

“If the numbers work and a location can be found, we could have the center up and running early next year,” Phalen said.

Although the recent budget deal reached in Sacramento included a $1.2 billion cut to corrections, legislators haven’t yet faced the hard part: determining how exactly those cuts will be made. Democrats have promised to hammer out such a plan later this month. Now is the time to put the old maxims and myths aside and implement the policy changes needed to protect Californians and the fiscal health of the state.

Republicans say that they cannot approve cuts to prison spending that include the early release of inmates, saying this would be unfair and hurtful to victims. We do not doubt the sincerity of such concerns, but the truth is that our current criminal justice practices in California are costly and ineffective, and do not serve public safety as they should. Nor have legislators adequately addressed the trade-offs and how these negatively affect public safety. Take as an example the recent cuts to education, when we know that the more education young people receive, the less likely they are to be involved in crime, victimization and incarceration.

As the debate to cut prison spending heats up this month, the danger is that politics as usual will lead Sacramento to ignore this bigger-picture understanding of public safety. Criminal justice should stop being painted as law enforcement and conservatives on one side and liberals and correctional researchers on the other. There is nothing further from the truth. We are all interested in public safety. No one wants to be victimized by crime, and law enforcement officials and conservatives all over this state understand that we cannot arrest or incarcerate our way out of this problem. It is too costly and ineffective.

If we are truly interested in public safety, we must understand the great myth. It is a myth that the more people you incarcerate, the safer your communities are. As crime rates have fallen all across the country, study after study reveals that states that have implemented treatment and alternatives to incarceration have experienced greater reductions in crime and costs than states that have simply put more people behind bars for longer.

The state of New York, for example, experienced an 8 percent decrease in its prison population in 1995-2005 by boosting reliance on more cost-effective alternatives to incarceration, including drug treatment and community-based services. At the same time, the state recorded a large decrease in all crime categories, ranging from 43 percent for property crimes to a 47 percent drop in the homicide rate.

California has also had a reduction in crime rates – from 32 percent for property crimes to a 38 percent drop in the homicide rate in the same time period – but that drop has been accompanied by a whopping 28 percent jump in the prison population. Meanwhile, despite our reliance on prisons and incarceration as a response to crime, California continues to have the highest recidivism rate in the nation. California is now an example of what not to do.

A recent Northwestern Law study, “Controlling Corrections Costs in Illinois,” advises that, in deciding how to resolve corrections’ impact on the budget crisis, “the choice lies not between ‘left’ or ‘right’ but between East or West.” The author of this study urges Illinois to follow New York, not California, in developing criminal justice policy.

Fiscally responsible public safety, then, is not a liberal (left) issue, nor a conservative (right) one. It is not a Republican issue nor a Democrat one. It is a question of efficacy.

We must have criminal justice policies that hold people accountable for change. We must recognize that often the most effective criminal justice policy is treatment, community programs and community supervision. We must move our funding from prisons to community programs for non-serious, nonviolent offenders. This approach is cheaper and more effective in reducing victimization in our communities.

Violent offenders should go to state prison. These offenders must be held accountable to participate in treatment and refrain from gang activity before they are released. Now violent offenders are released when their time is finished even if they have continued criminal behavior inside our prisons.

We should not fear the release of 27,000 carefully selected, ill and petty offenders as a way of reducing the budget. We should fear continuing the broken, expensive correctional practices of today. California must stop being an example of what not to do. We should again be a state that invests in our children through education – not funding a prison system that gives us little in return.

If our legislators really care about crime victims, then we must follow the example of New York. Sacramento must establish policies that reflect a concern for Californians and public safety. The future of this state depends on it. Let us invest in our communities and see a return by reducing incarceration, crime and the recidivism rates through a criminal justice strategy that works.

Jeanne Woodford is the former director of the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation and former warden at San Quentin; Matt Powers is a retired deputy chief of the Sacramento Police Department.